Themes in 1984
The general theme in the novel totalitarianism. George
Orwell managed to personally experience during the time when he was working in
USSR and later Spain. Orwell thought that socialist countries striving to
communism were totalitarian and therefore he was afraid that countries that
take communism’s path would end up fully controlling their citizens. In the
book, he wanted to portray a fully totalitarian nation, with the message that
if totalitarianism is not sopped, this is how communist countries will be like.
He expected this to be real in about 35 years, hence the title “1984”. He
showed a government that was in control of everything a person does in his
public as well as private life, including the human mind
One of the themes that made Winston, who challenged the
limits of the party’s control to be in the state he ended up, was physical
control over the body through torture. If somebody is not in favour of the
ruling party, the party physically tortured them until the person would do and
say anything at all the party wanted. After being tortured, Winston can see for
himself that even true conviction and loyalty to whoever and whatever isn’t
stronger than torture; nothing is.
Another aspect the party was part of was information
jurisdiction. They were in control of the past and present (and the future If
they wanted). There was a ministry, where Winston worked that actually
specialised on changing and deleting history. So, anything the party ever said
about history was by historical evidence, true. So, it is said, “By controlling the present, the Party is
able to manipulate the past. And in controlling the past, the Party can justify
all of its actions in the present.”
The party was also able to make you not only do and say what
is said by the party, but through psychological changing, actually make you
believe in it. This can even be done without physical torture; it is done
partly through propaganda. For example, signs of Big Brother alongside other
forms of manipulation such as 2 minutes hate, where citizens are forced to
should hateful slogans towards pictures of the enemy. There are even
organisation for minors which tell children to report anything they see such as
the junior spies, which are the youth wing of the Thought Police. They even
ruin basic relations within the families as children have more loyalty towards
the party than their own party. Therefore, it is often for them to report on
their own parents.
In fact, in the novel Orwell is trying to say that one of
the biggest aspects of full control is the language as that is through what the
mind thinks. The party created newspeak, which is a form of full control by the
party. Words get reduced every day, making people only say what is necessary
and eventually to have all their concentration and energy on the party. It will
eventually be a language that has no questioning to the full control of the
party. It also means the loss of culture, adding to the power of the
government.
Finally, Orwell was highly concerned about the usage of
technology throughout the world. The message was, that in communist countries,
it gives the government more control, partly due to surveillance. Examples in the book include the hidden
microphones alongside the telescreens, which the party used to spy on people.
It is also another source where the government may use propaganda and instead
of being a positive source of information, may be a brainwashing machine.
So, as we can see the message the author is trying to send,
is that totalitarianism doesn’t let people think freely. This is to let alone,
the fact that people have to do anything the government tells them to. It
literally makes people salves. Not only that, but it stops people from being
humans, it is against humanity.